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Новости и вид из Dixie....

Irish Coffee, the Real Story

There is a common and widely held myth that Irish Coffee, that most wonderful of restoratives, was first created in the bar in Shannon Airport. It is true this luscious, Gaelic concoction, was served there at a very early date. But… it wasn’t the first place to serve this wonderful drink, it actually originated in County Donegal at Jackson’s Hotel, in Ballybofey.

There was a seaman named Joe Jackson, a Derry man, who served in the Merchant Navy during World War II. It was his misfortune to be on a ship that was torpedoed in the north Atlantic. When he was rescued he was suffering from exposure and was revived with a high proof drink made from coffee and rum, which was a Navy practice of the day. The rest of Joe Jackson’s service was in the eastern Mediterranean and there he was exposed to drinks containing cream, sugar, and spirits.

With the war over Joe returned home to Ireland and married a woman in the catering business in Ballybofey. Joe purchased a hotel in Ballybofey and calling upon his experiences during the war, began to experiment with new drinks. One of the specialties of the house was an ‘Irish Coffee’ which was made of strong black coffee, sugar, Irish whiskey, and then a layer of cream on top. This was circa late 1940s.

In the early 1950s a Scottish motoring magazine published an account of Joe Jackson’s Irish Coffee. The drink was replicated, according to lore, on 10 November 1952, in the bar of Shannon airport, but this was several years after Jackson’s Hotel served the drink. Perhaps it was a public relations coup or perhaps Donegal was in those days too distant and away, for whatever reason, the Shannon airport origin for Irish Coffee began to take root.

The real story is Irish Coffee is the creation of Mr Joe Jackson and was first served at Jackson’s Hotel in Ballybofey, County Donegal, where they still serve it today, exactly as it was created by Joe Jackson in the late 1940s.

Barry R McCain (c) 2008

The Bonnie Blue Flag

(this re-posted from an earlier article I wrote, posted today in honour of the fall of the Alamo; the Republic of Texas chose the Bonnie Blue flag as a symbol of their liberty and it is still part of the Texas state flag, and will be in the future, I hope, new Republic of Texas flag) 

It may be news to some outside of Dixie, but there is a flag that has long been associated with people of Ulster ancestry in the New World. This flag is of course the lone star flag, which dates to 11 September, 1810. After the American Revolutionary War, Spain regained control of the territory of West Florida, which is located today in the states of Mississippi, Alabama, and the panhandle of Florida.

American and British settlers flooded into this area and most of these families were of Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry, with the majority being of Ulster ancestry. These people are described as Anglo-Celts by some historians, but usually they are just called Scots-Irish. They resented rule from Spain, I suspect knowing these people as I do, and being one of them myself, they resent heavy handed rule from anyone or thing and a rebellion was short in coming.

the Bonnie Blue Flag

On 11 September, 1810 a troop of West Florida dragoons set out for Baton Rouge (Red Stick) to join republican militia to launch an attack on the Spanish fort there. The Scots-Irish forces overcame the Spanish garrison in Baton Rouge and unfurled the flag of the Republic of West Florida. Alas, politics being what they are, the Republic was only to exist for 90 days before the growing United States gobbled it up.
 

The flag was a single white star on a blue field. The flag unfurled in 1810 was made by Melissa Johnson, wife of Major Isaac Johnson, the commander of the West Florida Dragoons. The flag is called by two names commonly, the Bonnie Blue Flag and the Lone Star Flag. It saw use in the 1820s and 1830s as the Anglo-Celts pushed into Texas and beyond. The state of Texas incorporates the Lone Star into its state flag of course.

On January 9, 1861 the convention of the People of Mississippi adopted an Ordinance of Secession. With this announcement the Bonnie Blue flag was raised over the capitol building in Jackson, Mississippi. Harry Macarthy was so inspired that he wrote a song entitled "The Bonnie Blue Flag" which became the second most popular patriotic song of the Ole Confederacy.

The Lone Star/Bonnie Blue flag has been in constant use from 1810. You will frequently see it today on license plates on cars and trucks and families fly the flag across the US South and beyond. The Bonnie Blue flag today is as popular as ever and still conveys the same spirit as the original lone star flag and it is part of our Anglo-Celtic.

Barry R McCain

Gawith, Hoggarth & Co. Bulk Dark Flake Scented

the dark scented flake

Gawith and Hoggarth's scented dark flake is comprised of Malawi dark fired leaf, which is slightly smoky, but much more subtle and totally different flavour profile than Latakia; the other tobacco is Indian dark air cured leaf. This is a strong to very strong smoke, spicy to my palate, a hint of smoke. Flavoured with Tonquin Bean, it is a very traditional British Isles type flake. If you like a pint of ale and tweed jackets you will like this tobacco. It is Highly Recommended, but only if one enjoys strong tobacco. It has a kick.

Samuel Gawith 1792 Flake Bulk

1792 tin

SG 1792 is a dark fired leaf, Virginia and Kentucky tobaccos. A northwest England type tobacco, very strong, rich dark colour, with what I call 'Christmas' flavours abundant, i.e. nuts, good spices, whiskey, and the tonquin bean which graces many Lakelands. It is very strong and has a perfect room note which would shift a feminist into the other room without difficulty. Again, very strong, do not smoke this unless you have facial hair. It is my favourite smoke. Highly Recommended.

the flake

Indian Pale Ale Review

This a an India Pale Ale (IPA) review of six brews I enjoyed just the other day.  This review is in the category of just a regular beer drinking type, but I will say, I am a nth degree expert as I have been drinking beer weekly since 1968 and have considerable experience.  Not only that, I have travelled much, enjoying the beers of what used to be Great Britain and Ireland. 

Pale ales have been around a long time.  The basics; the term pale ale originally denoted an ale that had been brewed from pale malt. The pale ales of the early 18th century were lightly hopped and quite different from later pale ales. By the mid-18th century, pale ale was mostly manufactured with coke-fired malt, which produced less smoking and roasting of barley in the malting process, and hence produced a paler beer.  Paler than the more red, or amber, coloured beers common to that era.

Like all good things, there is controversy over the creation and reason for the India Pale Ale.  I shall not go into that, but the facts remain that India Pale Ale developed in England around 1840 and India Pale Ale became a popular product in England.  Those are the salient points.  I was introduced to this lovely beer in 1978, in Taunton, Somerset, in the West Country.

It is my favourite type of beer, hands down.  Now I do have a beef with many American craft beer companies that produce IPA.  Many make it too damn sweet.  I do not enjoy sweet beers, I like a Dry type of beer. American IPAs to my tastes are often sweeter and heavier than UK IPAs.  With that as the starting point I had six IPAs recently: Diamond Bear Presidental IPA, Shiner Wild Hare IPA, Widmer Brothers Drifter IPA, Lazy Magnolia rye Timber Beast IPA, Sierra Nevada Torpedo extra IPA, and Tommyknocker Hop Strike Black IPA.

The beers and how I rate them on a scale of 1 to 10 and my observations:
1. DB Presidential IPA; a good IPA, nice hops, a tad on the sweet side; 5 on the McCain scale.

2. Shiner Wild Hare IPA; excellent, could use a bit more hops, but a lovely dry tastes, it was my favourite of the group; 10 on the McCain scale.

3. Widmer Brothers Drifter IPA; above average, nice balance of hops to malt flavours, 7 on the McCain scale.

4.  Lazy Magnolia rye Timber Beast IPA; this one quite unique, strong with 9.0% alcohol, nice flavours, nice amount of hops, a little too sweet for my tastes, still, it is such a unique beer and the high gravity is interesting, a 9 on the McCain scale. 

5. Sierra Nevada Torpedo extra IPA; very good, the extra hops in this its best feature, again, a tad on the sweet side for me, if it were more dry it would be perfect, a 7 on the McCain scale.

6.  Tommyknocker Hop Strike Black IPA; this one a little like Timber Beast, very unique, made from dark rye malt with a lot of hops.  It had almost a licorice like flavour, the dark rye and high hops I suppose, I really liked it, again just a tad to sweet for me, but very good, a 9 on the McCain scale.


I drank all in the course of one evening so the comparisons were done with the memory of each on my tongue and in my mind. If I were getting a six pack, I would go with the Shiner IPA, if I wanted something special, heavier alcohol, etc., I would go with the intriguing Timber Beast or Tommyknocker Black IPA.  At my local here in Oxford, I normally get the Sierra Nevada on tap, as it is always available and I enjoy the hop level there.

Well, hope this guide to IPAs will be of some service to any and all making an upcoming purchase. I posted the John Wayne beer advertisement above, because it uses 'extra dry' as a selling point of the beer.  The appreciation for dry beers seems to have fallen from favour of late. Not with me however, I still love dry beers.

The Wisdom of Walker Percy

‎'A man must live by his lights and do what little he can and do it as best he can. In this world goodness is destined to be defeated. But a man must go down fighting. That is the victory. To do anything less is to be less than a man.'

Walker Percy

The Fairy of the Holly

Christmas trees are late to the Western traditions.  They came in mid 1800s, prior to that, we, Southern folk and our people in the Old Countries, just used 'green' in the house at Christmas. In the 1800s more often evergreen boughs and holly branches were brought into a home.  Holly is a scared plant, in Christian times and before, yes, in pagan times too. A tree that is sacred to the fairies, but in Christian times, a tree that represented the blood of Christ.  We have what is called symmetry there.  Which is rare and good.   A sidebar, in the South, Father Christmas, used to be dressed in a Green Robe, and carried a dagger and horn of plenty.  He was a very thinly veiled representation of the old Celtic god, An Dagda (the Good God).  Later, much, he sort of blended in with the German concept of Santa Claus, which is not a bad thing, and related, but we shall not go into that now as it is complex. So... remember Santa, or The Spirit of Christmas Present, can have a beautiful Green garment. Look to Dickens, and A Christmas Carol and you will find the real Father Christmas.

When I was very young, back in Lakeshore, outside of Monroe, in our home my mother has a Father Christmas figurine,  not sure where she got it, but he was the Old One, in the green robes, with the horn of plenty, the staff, and dagger.  It fascinated me. I never forgot him.  One day, I learned his story. So... now I tell you a little of it.

Next time you all watch A Christmas Carol ( and I do hope you all shall do so) when you see the Spirit of Christmas Present, know, you are also seeing the real Spirit of Christmas. 

The Kilted McCain Over the Years

circa 1973

 

 

circa 1975

 



Redshanks

Irish actor Dave Swift in Redshank attire circa late 1500s

The text below is a chapter from my book 'The Laggan Redshanks, The Highland Scots in West Ulster, 1569-1630.'  It is the very interesting tale of a migration of Highland Scots from Argyll to Donegal in the 1500s.  They were, and still are at times, called Redshanks.  My interest in this part of the history of Ireland came to me naturally enough, my own family is a Redshank family and in the course of my family's DNA project I stumbled upon this fascinating story.  This chapter posted below discusses the use of the term Redshank.  

Link to purchase book: The Laggan Redshanks, The Highland Scots in West Ulster, 1569-1630

Redshank

It is not known when the term Redshank came into general use, but the word began to appear in published works by the mid 1500s.  At that time Redshank was a Lowland Scottish term for a Gael from the ‘Highlands.’  Scottish writer John Jamison included the term in his Supplement to the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language published in 1825.  His entry is an interesting summary of early usage of Redshank in English.  Jamison includes quotes by the sixteenth-century writers Edmund Spenser, Thomas Stapleton, Raphael Holinshed, and John Elder.  In the citations provided by Jamison the term Redshank is consistent in that it always refers to a Scottish Gael.  As for the origins of the word Redshank there are two stories; one that the name came from the hair-out roe deer buskins (a calf high boot) commonly worn by Gaels and the other being that the name came from the Gaels going bare legged, or ‘rough footed.’

The dress of Scottish Gaels in the 1500s was in general very similar to Irish Gaels.  The léine, or linen shirt, and short woollen jacket were worn in both Ireland and Scotland.  The léine came down to just above the knee and in warm weather the wearer would be barelegged.  But, while this mode of dress was common, various forms of trews were also in wide use.  Most contemporary examples of the trews are ankle length, though there is one illustration from the 1570s drawn from life which shows a short trew, or a short pant, similar to a type that was worn in other parts of Western Europe at that time.  The use of the kilt, or the féileadh mór, dates to the mid 1500s, and it was worn over the léine.  So, during the 1500s when the term Redshank came into common use in Scotland, Ireland, and England, a Scottish Gael would have been dressed various ways, both barelegged and with trews.  Of importance perhaps is that the one consistent element of Gaelic dress was the hair out roe deer buskins, which is at least suggestive that this gave rise to the Scottish Gaels being known as Redshanks.

Whatever the origin of the term is, the meaning in the sixteenth century was certainly clear.  Raphael Holinshed, in his History of Scotland, describes some of the soldiers with Robert the Bruce as ‘Irish Scots, otherwise called Katerans or Redshanks.’  Holinshed’s work was published 1577 and the word ‘Irish’ meant ‘Gaelic’ in modern usage.  Calling Scottish Gaels ‘Irish’ was common in the 1500s.  There was a need in the sixteenth century to differentiate between the ‘Irish’ or traditional Gaelic Scots and those Scots in the Lowlands, especially the southeast Lowlands, which spoke Lallans and had developed their own unique society.  Additionally, Tudor writers often would describe Highland Scots in Ireland as Scots-Irish or Irish Scots, to give clarification when they were referring to Gaels from Scotland in Ireland and not native Irish Gaels.

The term was used for several centuries.  In the 1600s, in both the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651) and the Williamite War (1689-1692), Scottish Highlanders from both Ulster and Scotland were commonly referred to as Redshanks in English.  Redshanks, sometimes styled ‘Redlegs,’ was also used in the Caribbean to describe poor whites, usually of Gaelic origin, that were the descendants of Highland soldiers exiled there by Cromwell.  It was also used to a certain extent to describe all poor whites of Gaelic ancestry, even Irish.  In the Caribbean the term ‘Beck e neck’ or ‘baked neck’, meaning ‘red-neck.’ was also used to describe Redshanks.  Any possible etymological connection to the Southern USA term Redneck can only be speculated upon, but it is of interest that in the American South this term referred in large part to the descendants of Gaels in Upland and rural areas.

In the 1500s the Gaelic writers in Ireland called the Redshanks, who had settled in Ulster ‘Albanaigh,’ which is Gaelic for ‘Scots.’  The term ‘New Scots’ was also used to describe Redshanks as a way to distinguish them from the ‘Old Scots’ that were the Gallóglaigh clans in Ireland.  The Gallóglaigh Scots settled in Ireland circa 1250 AD to 1350 AD and as previously noted, Redshank settlements came later, from 1400 to 1600 AD.

Some consider Redshank as a pejorative term, but many Scottish Gaelic writers when writing in English would describe themselves as a Redshank without any negative connotation.  Redshank is still occasionally used to describe people of Highland Scottish ancestry both in Ireland and Scotland.

Redshanks were a common feature of Irish armies throughout the 1500s.  Almost all of them came from the western Highlands, primarily Argyll, and from the Hebridean Islands, but there are examples of Redshanks coming from Ayrshire and Gallowayshire in the southwest Scottish Lowlands.  In the 1500s the southwest Lowlands still had a sizeable Gaelic speaking population and a culture that was not significantly different from the Highlands.  Clann Chaimbeul had lands and alliances in the western Lowlands and they were the largest suppliers of Redshanks.  The Caimbeuls drew men and captains from these southwest Lowland connections to serve in their military forces.  The Redshanks were also in high demand in both the English Tudor army and with various armies on the Continent.  As mercenaries they were considered hardier than English soldiers and superior to Irish soldiers.

The Elizabethan English were very cognizant of the Redshanks in Ireland.  The Calendar of the State Papers Relating To Ireland has many letters and reports of English officials in Ulster concerning Redshank activities from the mid 1500s until the early 1600s.  English concern and fear of the Redshanks grew greatly when they began to settle in Ulster. The nature of the Redshanks’ function was changing in Irish society.  Initially, the Redshanks were only paid for time in service and there was the added benefit that the Irish lords did not need to grant them land to live on.  This made them popular with these lords as they were less expensive than Gallóglaigh.  However, more Scottish warriors were needed as the wars against the Elizabethan English escalated.  The Redshanks were available in much greater numbers than the Gallóglaigh and the broadening scope and changing nature of warfare of the 1500s led some Irish lords, those that could afford it, to have Redshanks settle in strategic areas on their lands.

From the early fourteenth century, the Gallóglaigh were the elite element in Irish armies.  They were the armoured heavy infantry and were a warrior caste that functioned much like the samurai did in medieval Japan.  The Gallóglaigh were drawn from Hebridean and west Highland kindred groups.  Their leaders married into the Irish aristocracy and were granted lands throughout Ireland.  These warriors had not changed their basic mode of warfare and accoutrement of battle since the 1200s.  They had an iconic dress and weapons which included a conical helmet, coat of mail, and two handed axe.  Their accoutrement of war was archaic even in their heyday and was drawn from their mixed Gaelic and Norse heritage.  The Gallóglaigh were very effective on the field of battle.  They could stand up to the shock of English cavalry and were superior to English infantry.  Every Irish lord of any importance had them in his retinue.  In the 1500s however, the technology of war was changing along with the scale of warfare in Ulster.  Gallóglaigh were expensive to equip and train and it was very hard to organize them in numbers sufficient to counter the growing English threat in Ulster.  The Redshanks were available in much greater numbers and became the most effective way to counter the growing English threat.

The Redshanks were very successful soldiers and had distinct advantages over the English soldiers they faced and also over the Irish infantry and Gallóglaigh.  The Redshanks were not a structured entity in Gaelic society as were the Gallóglaigh.  The Gallóglaigh required very formal, elaborate, training and often the sons of a Gallóglach would follow their father into the profession.  In this sense the Gallóglaigh were a bona fide warrior caste and were more than simple mercenaries.  The Redshanks were much more flexible.  There were some similarities of course and at times there was very little difference between a Redshank warrior and a Gallóglach.  The Redshanks were also soldiers for hire and they came from the same Hebridean and Argyll kinships as did the original Gallóglaigh.  The Redshanks were trained and hardy, but they were not a Gaelic societal institution as were the Gallóglaigh.  As soldiers they were straight forward mercenaries, but they would farm, or fish, or turn to a trade if they tired of a soldier’s life.

The Redshanks were also more flexible even as warriors.  They were quick to take up the use of firearms to supplement their two handed swords and bows and they were noted for their excellent marksmanship.  They provided the swiftness of Gaelic light infantry, or the Ceithearn, yet also had the dynamic hitting power and shock of the Gallóglaigh.  By 1575 Redshank pay was equal to that of the famed Gallóglaigh. An example of their increasing importance in Ireland is found in the 1566 letter to the Elizabethan court by Sir Francis Knollys, an English agent in Ireland. The letter referenced the growing number of Redshanks the English encountered in the Irish armies they faced.  Knollys reported to Queen Elizabeth that 300 Redshanks were ‘harder to be vanquished in battle than 600 Irishmen.’

As mentioned, the initial settlement of Redshanks in Ulster was in the Glens of north Antrim.  The Biséd family of Scotland had gained control of the Glens circa 1245 AD.  The family held the Glens until the end of the 1300s when the head of the clan, Eóin Mac Eóin, failed to produce a male heir.  His oldest daughter, Máire Nic Eóin, married Eóin Mór Mac Dónaill of Clann Dhónaill in 1399 AD.  The marriage was the beginning of a large migration of Redshanks into north Antrim under Clann Dhónaill’s auspices.  These Redshanks settled in the Glens and Route districts that were controlled by Clann Dhónaill.  In 1542 John Travers, the Master of the Ordnance in Ireland wrote:

where as a company of Irishe Scottes otherwise called Redshankes daily commeth into the northe parties of Irelande and purchaseth castels and piles uppon the seecoste there so as it is thought that there be at this present above the nombre of 2 or 3 thousande of them within this Realme

In April of 1571 Lord Justice William FitzWilliam wrote to the Privy Council:

The Scots in the North build, manure the ground, and settle, as though they should never be removed.

There is a description of Redshanks found in the early 1600s book Beatha Aodha Ruaidh Uí Dhomhnaill (Life of Aodh Rua Ó Dónaill), written by the seanchaí of Clann Uí Dhónaill, Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh: 

They were recognized among the Irish soldier by the distinction of their arms and clothing, their habits and language, for their exterior dress was mottled cloaks of many colours with a fringe to their shins and claves, their belts were over their loins outside their cloaks.  Many of them had swords with hafts of horn, large and warlike, over their shoulders.  It was necessary for the soldier to grip the very haft of his sword with both hands when he would strike a blow with it.  Others of them had bows of carved woods strong for use, with well seasoned strings of hemp, and arrows sharp pointed, whizzing in flight.

Ó Cléirigh’s comments referred to an arrival in Derry of a thousand Scottish Gaels lead by Dónall Gorm Mac Dónaill (presumably from Skye) and ‘Mac Leóid’ of Arran in 1594. These Redshanks were in the service of Aodh Rua Ó Dónaill.  Ó Cléirigh was an eye witness of the Redshanks living in west Ulster and his comments provide an accurate assessment of their dress, weapons and characteristics.  By the late 1500s the unique Scottish dress of the belted kilt was worn by many Redshanks.  The two handed swords and bows described by Ó Cléirigh were favourite weapons of the Redshanks.  Ó Cleírigh also notes the Gaelic dialect of the Redshanks, which was unique to the Isles and Argyll.  As in Antrim, so many Redshanks settled in west Ulster that they influenced the Gaelic spoken there, giving it many elements of Scottish Gaelic.

The Redshank migration to Antrim came primarily from the Hebrides and Kintyre, which were lands controlled by Clann Eóin Mhóir.  The Redshank movement into West Ulster came primarily from mid Argyll and western Lennox and was organized by Clann Chaimbeul.